The Prevalence Of Mental Health - 976 Words

The physical and mental health of homeless individuals is considerably worse than that of the general population. The prevalence of mental health disorder is astronomically higher among the homeless population. The use of alcohol abuse is usually associated with one or two other psychological disorders. There are many people who have outside issues as well such as physical abuse, antisocial, and sexual abuse. Their motivation to get out of being homeless is usually poor because of poor motivation, no support system, and depression. Substance abuse can be attributed to about fifty percent of the homeless population. Homeless individuals are three times more likely to have alcohol-use disorder compared with the general population (Keane, Magee, and Lee 2015). Alcohol is also usually associated with anxiety and depression disorders and it can lead to criminal behaviors or even suicide. Alcohol use can a contributor or the result of being homeless, many people use alcohol as a form of co ping. People who have experienced child abuse are more likely to develop a substance abuse disorder at a later age. It shows that the homeless population have experienced abuse or other traumatic incident in their life. The more likely someone is to recall a traumatic childhood experience the more likely they were to consume alcohol. Alcohol and abuse are very much related. So is low economic burden being of low wage household increases all these factors. The person will be more at risk toShow MoreRelatedPrevalence Of Mental Health Illnesses Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesPrevalence of Mental Health Illnesses in Inmates In this country, individuals with a mental health illness make up half of all correctional facility intakes, which is rivaled with eleven percent of the overall populace, however, only 1 in 9 incarcerated individuals are given any care for their mental illness (Anasseril, 2007). When the much-needed care is absent in prisons and jails, inmates with mental health disorders experience excruciating signs and their disorder can decline and be plaguedRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Mental Health Disorders1335 Words   |  6 PagesThe prevalence of mental health disorders in the Unites States is growing exponentially. According to the Center for Disease Control (2015), one out of five adolescents are diagnosed with a mental health disorder and 15 million children are estimated with a mental health diagnosis. Having resources available to this population from the advanced schools of psychology is vital to maintaining healthy interventions for our future children and adolescents. Furthe rmore, it’s imperative to review notRead MorePrevalence Of Mental Health Effects On An Individual s Emotions, Perceptions, Behavior, And Wellbeing1829 Words   |  8 Pages 1. Prevalence of Mental Health: Mental health illnesses impact on an individual’s emotions, perceptions, behaviour and wellbeing. Prevalence refers to how common the condition is (all diagnosed cases), and as such morbidity rates are often reliable indicators for the prevalence of a particular condition. In 2011-12 there were 3 million Australians who had reported having a mental health condition (ABS 2012). This is evident of an increasing trend in the last decade, which could be reflective ofRead MoreHealth System Differences : Louisiana And Illinois823 Words   |  4 PagesHEALTH SYSTEM DIFFERENCES: LOUISIANA AND ILLINOIS The Health system in Louisiana and Illinois is widely different on basis of access to healthcare, mental health issues and many others. Looking at overall performance of healthcare system by measuring 42 different variables such as at systemic level, from insurance coverage to vaccination rates to avoidable hospital stays and at individual level, from rate of obesity to numbers of adults who have lost six or more teeth, Illinois is among the thirdRead MoreDescriptive Epidemiology Of Major Depressive Disorder In Canada1111 Words   |  5 Pagesused a survey called Canadian Community Health Study - Mental Health (CCHS-MH) to evaluate Major Depressive Disorder among their participants. 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The results of these surveys conclude that mental health disorders are more prevalent than any other chronicRead MoreSymptoms And Factors Of Schizophrenia1344 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 Introduction This assignment will provide a definition about schizophrenia, its symptoms and factors that may cause it briefly as well as its incidence and prevalence in Australia, Spain and United States of America. It also introduces some of old and recent treatments of this disease. 2.0 Definition of Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is categorised as a psychotic disorder. Psychosis-a general word that is usually used as the psychotic illnesses syndromes-affects people’s thoughts, speech and senseRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Depression820 Words   |  4 Pagesfor Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015; Mental Health Association, 2016). Depression is among the leading causes of disability in the general adult population, ages 18 years and above (US Preventative Services Taskforce [USPST], 2016). The US Preventative Services Taskforce recommends that all adult patients be screened for depression (USPST, 2016). Approximately 6% of older adults, ages 65 and older, have some form of depression (Mental Health Association, 2016). The risk of depression doublesRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Mental Illness1348 Words   |  6 PagesMental illness is increasingly being recognized as a challenge faced by many Canadians. The Mental Health Strategy for Canada estimates that ‘in any given year , one in five people in Canada experiences a mental health problem or illness’. (Bartram et al., 2012) The prevalence of mental illness is not exclusive to the Canadian population and it is estimated that these figures are rising. In 2004, the World Health Organization ranked major depression as third in terms of the overall burden of diseasesRead MoreDistribution of Depression Amongst Young Australians Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Depression is a mental disorder in which a patient might feel intense, prolonged, negative emotions (Beyond Blue, 2014). This can have severe impact on a persons mental and physical health, thus affecting a persons quality of life. Severe cases can even lead to suicide. It is estimated that one in six Australians will experience depression in their lifetime (Beyond Blue, 2014). The burden of disease gives an indication of of the loss of health and well being of Australians due to

The Truth About The Boy - 1365 Words

He knew his wife was up to something the moment she tried to ignore anything to do with the mere mention of the word boyfriend. How she adamantly refuse to say Joshua Hunt’s name was yet another hint I should’ve paid closer attention. maybe it was how I was on the verge of asking her if she knew any other name then Trever Benson that had caused me to be distracted. She knew the moment that boy was introduced to me and his attention was more of some of the maids preforming their task then speaking to me. when one of the women dropped something they had to pick up and he broke out in a cold sweat, I should’ve thrown him out of the nearest window. It wouldn’t have mattered if I had, we were on the ground floor. Then and again, it might not have been a total loss if the shock of it all cause him to scream for several hours thinking he was falling. He didn’t seem too bright to know the difference. For some reason the boy believes my wife is the only appr oval he needs to have a relationship with my daughter. Then and again I should have asked my wife what kind of relationship he was hoping to have with my daughter. Well, the boy looked a bit soft to me and giggles constantly. Actually, I wouldn’t have been surprised to find out that the boy liked other boys and was hoping my daughter might help him find the perfect boyfriend. I didn’t know much about the Benson family, other than they were distant cousins to some man Elena was once in a relationship with. I knewShow MoreRelatedThe Truth About Boys And Girls850 Words   |  4 Pagesforced into sex trafficking? There are limitations on our freedom. Both speaker Chris Baker, and the article The Truth about Boys and Girls demonstrate how society’s influence puts limitations on people’s freedom. Stereotypes and generalizations about boys and girls is an example of how people have freedom with limitations. The Truth about Boys and Girls brings up the point of â€Å"are boys really more aggressive and girls really more empathetic- or do we just see what we expect in them?† (Eliot) ThisRead More Being Covered from the Truth in Araby by James Joyce Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Truth in Araby by James Joyce â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce, is a short story about a young boy trying to find and his search for inner happiness. The main setting takes place in the boy’s neighborhood where he lives with his aunt and uncle. The sub setting takes place in an Araby or English bazaar, a carnival if you will. In the neighborhood we find that there is; an uninhabited house that has not been occupied for some time, a girl, who’s referred to as ‘Mangan’s sister’, whom the boy hasRead MorePrejudice, Prejudice And Prejudice1190 Words   |  5 PagesThe truth is often hindered by people’s bias and prejudice views. 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Louis Tomlinson’s auditioning song forRead MoreColumbine, By Dave Cullen914 Words   |  4 Pagesunfolded on April 20th, 1999. That day, two boys, self-proclaimed rebels, armed themselves and proceeded to murder the same students they had walked the halls with for four years. As the stories of Dylan, Eric, and the victims of this tragic day came to light, many falsehoods also arose. Unfortunately, the myths and truths about Columbine still linger with us today. Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold left a lasting impression on the world; but left behind the truth as to why they really did it. This leavesRead MoreThe Text Of The Meno By Plato938 Words   |  4 Pagesparadox explained can be used to discuss merely anything, and we can thus say that either one knows or does not know. If a person knows, then they cannot investigate or question their knowledge. However, if a person does not know, they cannot inquire about it which means a person cannot question for not knowing what they do not know. Plato goes ahead and resolves the paradox in the Meno by saying that, â€Å"one would not seek what he knows, for since he knows it there is no need of the inquiry, nor whatRead MoreThe Theme Of Courage In Black Boy By Richard Wright757 Words   |  4 PagesThe Jim Crow Era was a time of intense slavery and discrimination against the black population. One boy who was part of that population was Richard Wright, a young boy who dreamed of becoming a writer. His desire was to write in order to expose his rough childhood and the truths of what happened during this time period. Another writer who wrote about the truths during an intense time period, was Richard Faulkner, who wrote during the Red Scare which was when America was living in fear of possibleRead MoreWhat Do You Do When You re Not Sure1311 Words   |  6 PagesNicholas Catholic church in the Bronx in the year following President Kennedy’s assassination. His sermon builds upon a story of a sailor lost at sea who has doubts about the course he has set and his doubt becomes the metaphor for the community who has lost its certainty. So, in other words, when someone loses certainty they doubt about someone or something and want to belief the uncertain is true. To do so they make anything in their power to find out that their doubt is a belief even if it meansRead MorePlato s Allegory, And Glaucon, The Second Speaker1345 Words   |  6 Pagesobjects held by the passers-by, along the road, belong to the shadows. â€Å"And so in every way they would believe that the shadows of the objects we mentioned were the whole truth.† (Plato, 26). Because these prisoners have relied so much on their senses to make judgements, they have developed a tendency to make false judgments about the things happening around them. Plato believes that the world as seen using our senses has more fake to it than real. As humans, each individual is limited by their ownRead MoreWaiting For The Barbarians By. Coetzee1298 Words   |  6 Pageslike a Mantra. To Colonel Joll, the Mantra for his cruel method is, â€Å"Pain is Truth: all else is subject to doubt† (Coetzee p.6). Because of this philosophy, the first victim suffers a fatal fate in the hands of Colonel Joll’s brutality. Two prisoners, a boy and his uncle, were arrested shortly after a raid incident had concluded that these two were not part of. According to the uncle, the boy is sick, and he was taking the boy to find a doctor. Sadly, even the best doctor cannot help the man as the Magistrate

Why We Dont Need a Military Draft free essay sample

With long, drawn-out wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, regularly scheduled deployments to other areas of the world, and tensions between the U. S. and Iran threatening to ignite another war, our military is spread too thin. For our military to complete its mission of defending our country effectively, it is obvious that more personnel are needed. One way to ensure the military is not under-manned would be to reinstitute the draft. Reinstituting the draft would ensure the military an unlimited supply of new recruits. However, there are other, better, and more cost-effective ways to ensure that our military is properly manned without resorting to a draft. There are plenty of logical, valid arguments to support not reinstituting a military draft. A draft would be a huge waist of tax payers’ money. Just getting draftees to recruiting stations to go through the process of physical and mental examinations is not an inexpensive process. There would also be an issue with draft dodgers, which there would be plenty of in this day and age. The process of finding these people, prosecuting them and eventually incarcerating them would be another unnecessary cost to society. There would also be many people who would claim conscientious objector status. Infield (2005) states that even though the draft has not been reinstituted, pacifist churches are beginning to prepare it’s male members on how to become conscientious objectors, for fear a draft is imminent. And as if there would not be more than enough people trying to get out of military service on their own, authorities at the Selective Service System, of all places, are advising the leaders of these churches how to prepare their member’s on how to successfully apply for conscientious objector status (Peace Churches Plan Alternative to Military Draft). Another argument against the draft is that Americans simply do not want to see the draft’s return. Though it has not always been the case, a majority of Americans today are against reinstituting the draft. According to Jones (2007), most Americans were in favor of reinstituting the draft in 1980, when President Jimmy Carter discussed the possibility of the draft’s return during the Cold War. However, the majority of Americans had become against the idea of the draft returning after Ronald Reagan took office in 1981. The below line graph illustrates the results of Gallup Polls conducted at various time beginning in 1980 and ending in 2007. â€Å"Yes† represents people who voted in favor of reinstituting a military draft and â€Å"No† for those gainst it. The last poll taken in August 2007 show an overwhelming majority of Americans are against reinstituting the draft. Pro-draft proponents may argue the reasons the anti-draft numbers are so high is only because of the current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. However, the poll shows that the current feeling toward the draft has been around since 1998, well before the events that led to the U. S. going to war (Vast Majority of Americans Opposed to Reinstituting Military Draft). There are also arguments against the draft that are not very logical, and border on insane. The absurdity of some these arguments serve to only hurt the logical and valid arguments of the anti-draft movement. For example Gregory (2005) writes that the most important argument for not reinstituting the draft is that the draft is a form of slavery (The Most Important Argument Against the Draft). While it is true that many people would be forced to do a job that they do not wish to do, serving in the military is not slavery. It is the price of living in a free society. If a draft were to be reinstituted, many of those called upon to serve would make more money than they ever could in the civilian sector, and they would have medical and dental benefits, for themselves and for their dependents, that no civilian employer could ever provide. The pay and benefits that today’s U. S. military personnel are so attractive that many of those drafted would probably end up making the military a career. While there are many arguments against reinstituting the draft, there are also many arguments that support the draft, though many, if not most are not practical or logical. Noel Koch (2004), former Secretary of Defense and speech writer for President Nixon, argues that more men and women are needed on active duty in order to fight wars, which is his only logical argument for returning the draft. His other arguments however are not logical. Koch states that members of his family have served in every conflict since the Civil War because service was expected. He also points out that people who would otherwise not have an opportunity to attend college would be able to benefit from the GI Bill by serving in the military. Finally, he argues that because of the draft during the Vietnam Era, people from different classes, races and religious backgrounds that were forced to live and work together learned to get along with one another (Why We Need the Draft Back). While these arguments by Mr. Koch may be true, they are not valid reasons for reinstituting the draft. Just because other members of one’s family served in the military, this argument sounds like he is in favor of a draft solely to ensure every male member of every family serve in the armed forces during a war. Not everyone is cut out for military service; just because some member’s of a family have served does not mean every member should serve just to follow a â€Å"tradition†. They should â€Å"want† to serve. And while the GI Bill does help those who serve in the military pay for college, there are other and much easier ways to finance a college education, even for those that come from less privileged backgrounds. Lastly, while a draft would throw a mix of people from different backgrounds together, and the majority of them would probably get along well, this argument makes it sound like he supports the draft to conduct a social experiment. Forcing people to serve in the military through a draft would do more harm to the military than good. Serving in the military is not like any other job. It is not easy during peacetime, much less during a war. Military service is very stressful for the military member and for his or her family members as well. To have an effective military, people serving in military have to want to serve and have to have the support of their immediate family, especially while fighting a war on many fronts. People who are forced to serve, particularly those that do not wish to, will be a liability to any combat unit, and those units that do not see action as well. In today’s all volunteer military, minimal service obligations are in place for a reason; today’s soldiers, sailors, and airmen spend years training to become proficient in their jobs. Draftees would serve only 18-24 months of service. They would lag behind in training compared to the volunteer force. By the time they became proficient in their duties, their service obligation, in most instances, would be over. There are standards for people to join and be accepted in the volunteer force: personnel must pass an entrance aptitude exam; personnel who have displayed certain criminal behavior in the past are not allowed to join the military; and people who have chronic injuries or illnesses are not allowed to join. By reinstituting the draft, entrance exam standards would have to be lowered or the exam done away with entirely to prevent draftees from intentionally failing to avoid service. Additionally, anyone who truly did not wish to serve could fake injury or mental illness to get out of service. Expanding today’s volunteer military by allowing more people to join would be the smartest and most economical way to ensure enough people are on active duty. Expanding the size of the volunteer force and allowing the brightest, most patriotic and capable people who want to serve to enlist or apply for officer programs would be the best way to ensure that we have a capable military. Today’s all volunteer military is made up of the most educated personnel, both officer and enlisted, this country, indeed the entire world, has ever seen. Reinstituting the draft would result in a â€Å"dumbing down† of today’s military (Fick, 2004). In summary, reinstituting the draft is not necessary to maintain a ready and effective military: The draft would result in lower standards for draftees. These draftees would not be as well trained as volunteers. The draft would cause greater costs than simply allowing more people who would like to volunteer to join. The best way to ensure our military’s effectiveness and readiness would be to expand the volunteer force to ensure the brightest, most patriotic, and most capable people are recruited, trained and retained for long-term military service instead of forcing people into service that do not wish to do so. There are plenty of people who would like to serve voluntarily. However, current limits on the size of the military prevent them from doing so.

Periodic Table Research Task Essay Example

Periodic Table Research Task Essay Periodic Table Research Task By Kevin Shaji Part A. You are to research the task below and submit as a written piece of work i) John Dalton proposed his atomic theory in 1808. Outline his theory. (4 marks) ii) Explain which part of Dalton’s atomic theory was later found to be incorrect. (3 marks) iii) Dalton developed a way to measure the relative atomic mass of the different elements. Using examples research and describe the meaning of the term ‘relative atomic mass’. (3 marks) i) 1) Elements are made up of tiny particles called atoms. 2) Atoms cannot be destroyed or created but can be rearranged during chemical changes. ) Atoms of a particular element are identical in mass, size, shape and other properties. 4) Atoms of different elements are different in their mass, size, shape and other properties. 5) Atoms cannot be divided into smaller particles. 6) Atoms of different elements combine in small whole-number ratios to form compounds. ii) 1) One part of Daltonâ €™s atomic theory that was later discovered to be incorrect was the part where atoms could not be divided into smaller pieces. New research has proved that atoms can be sub-divided into sub-atomic particles like protons, neutrons and electrons. ) Due to the discovery of isotopes it has been discovered that atoms of the same element are not exactly identical. They have different masses due to the number of neutrons. 3) Also it has been discovered that different elements have the same mass. These elements are called isobars. 4) It has been recently discovered that atoms can actually be destroyed by fission processes in atomic reactors or by atomic bombs. 5) Another defect in Dalton’s atomic theory is that not all compounds have small whole-number ratios. They can actually have large whole-number ratios as well. ii) The relative atomic mass is defined as: â€Å"the average mass of the isotopes in a naturally occurring sample of the element, taking into account the proportio n of each isotope present. † The symbol for relative atomic mass is Ar. For example naturally occurring chlorine has two isotopes Cl-35 and Cl-37. Cl-35 has a relative abundance (which is the percentage of that isotope on Earth in relation to the total abundance of the atom on Earth) of 75% while Cl-37 has a relative abundance of 25%. To calculate the Ar you must put the above into a formula. Ar= (75/100? 35) + (25/100? 37) =35. Another example of calculating relative atomic mass is: For an element E with the naturally occurring isotopes aE, bE, cE, and with the respective abundances of A%, B%, C% etc, the relative atomic mass (Ar) = (A/100 x a) + (B/100 x b) + (C/100 x c) Part B Leucippus Leucippus was an early pre-Socratic ancient Greek philosopher who lived sometime during the 5th century BCE. Not much of Leucippus early life is known due to the fact that not many of his dates were recorded. What we do know is that he was an Ionian Greek that studied at an Ionian school of naturalistic philosophy. At around 440 BCE Leucippus founded a school at Abdera, which his famous pupil Democritus attended. Around this time he proposed the theory of atomism. According to this atomism, the universe is composed of two elements: the atoms and the void in which they exist and move. This theory was later explained in much greater detail by his pupil Democritus. Leucippus contributed indirectly towards the development of the periodic table since he proposed the first idea of atoms. Thanks to his ideas the foundation for the periodic table was possible. Without his ideas the way we view the world may be completely different. We will write a custom essay sample on Periodic Table Research Task specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Periodic Table Research Task specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Periodic Table Research Task specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Democritus Democritus was an influential pre-Socratic ancient Greek philosopher who lived from circa 460 BCE to circa 370 BCE. He inherited his father’s vast fortunes and used it to travel the world and visit many countries on his quest of knowledge. During these trips he met many scholars who taught many lessons. When he finally came back to his native land he became interested in natural philosophy. At the around 440 BCE he became associated with a school in Abdera, which was founded by Leucippus, his mentor. His teacher was the first one to propose atoms, but Democritus later adopted this into his own atomic theory. His theory stated that everything contains tiny particles called atoms and that they were indivisible. He hypothesised that these atoms cannot be destroyed, that they were invisible that they were always and moving. He also stated and that they differ in size, shape, mass, position, and arrangement. Democritus contributed indirectly to the development of the periodic table. His contribution helped people to understand what an atom was and helped other scientist’s further look into science of the atom, which in turn led to the creation of the atomic table. Aristotle Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher who lived from 384 BCE to 322 BCE. He was the student of the ancient Greek philosopher Plata and the teacher to one of the greatest military commanders in the world Alexander the Great. He taught many subjects including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theatre, music, logic, rhetoric, linguistics, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology. He is considered to be one the most important figures in Western philosophy due to his writings encompassing morality, aesthetics, logic, science, politics, and metaphysics. One of his most well-known theories is that all mater is made from five elements. These elements are fire, water, air, earth and the fifth element aether. He believed all matter was made from a combination of the four elements except the stars and planets which are made of the fifth element aether. Even though Aristotle’s theory was wrong he contributed indirectly to the periodic table. The periodic table consists of elements and he hypothesised that elements exist. John Dalton John Dalton was an English chemist, meteorologist and physicist. He was born on the 6th of September 1766 and died on the 27th of July 1844. He began to study at a local village school and at the age of 12 began to teach there. At the age of 15, he began to teach at a Quaker school in Kendal. After teaching here for 10 years he moved to Manchester as a teacher. While there he joined the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, which provided him laboratory facilities. The first paper he presented was about colour blindness which he suffered from. Dalton arrived to atomism by his fascination of meteorology. Dalton stated that the forces of repulsion thought to cause pressure acted only between atoms of the same type. From here on he proceeded to calculate the atomic weight of atoms from percentage compositions of compounds. After this he developed his own atomic theory, which completely revolutionised the way we see the world today. Dalton contributed indirectly to the development of the periodic table. Dalton’s information on atomic weights was a huge factor in the creation the periodic table. He also proposed a chemical symbols for some elements. Without Dalton’s ground-breaking work the periodic table would not be possible. Johann Doberiener Johann Wolfgang Doberiener was a German chemist who was born on the 13th of December 1780 and died on the 24th of March 1849. Doberiener had little opportunity for formal schooling, and so he was apprenticed to a pharmacist. He began to read widely, and attended scientific lectures whenever he received the chance. In time he became a professor at the University of Jena in 1810. During the period of 1815-29, Johann Doberiener arranged elements in order of their atomic weight. He sorted these elements into groups of three, which became known as the law of triads. He arranged them according to the atomic weight of the middle element to the average atomic weight of the remaining two. Doberiener contributed indirectly toward the development of the periodic table. Though his method was discarded due to the fact it didn’t apply to all the elements, Doberiener gave rise to new ways to classify the elements which greatly helped in the creation of the periodic table. John Newlands John Alexander Reina Newlands was an English chemist who worked on the development of the periodic table. He was born in London on the 26th of November of 1837 and died on the 29th of July 1898. He did not study at a normal school but was rather home schooled by his father. He went on to study at the Royal College of Chemistry. In 1863, he set up a practice as an analytical chemist and in 1868 he became the chief chemist at James Duncan’s London sugar refinery. He later left this profession and in 1864 published his concept of the periodicity of the chemical elements. He arranged all 62 elements (known at the time) into a table based upon the ascending order of the atomic weights. He observed that every 8th element in his table displayed similar properties. He named this discovery the Law of Octaves and stated that an element exhibits behavior that is similar to the eighth element preceding/succeeding it. John Newlands contributed indirectly to the development of the periodic table. Even though Newland’s table was not accepted, his work helped to lead Mendeleev (the father of the periodic table) on the right track thus greatly contributing to creation of the periodic table. Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev was a Russian chemist and inventor. He was born in Siberia in 1834 and died in 1907. He is considered the father of the periodic table because he created the first version of the periodic table of element and used it to predict elements yet to be discovered. In 1849 his family relocated to St. Petersburg and Mendeleev entered the Main Pedagogical Institute in 1850. He studied science there and graduated in 1856. In 1863 Mendeleev was appointed to a professorship in the University he studied in. In 1864 Dmitri Mendeleev produced his greatest achievement: the periodic table of elements. He arranged the 66 elements known at the time by their atomic weight. By doing this he managed to organise them into groups possessing similar properties. If a gap existed in his table, he anticipated that a brand new element would one day be discovered and he predicted its properties. Some of the elements he predicted were later found and provided great evidence towards the accuracy of his table. Dmitri Mendeleev contributed directly towards the development of the periodic table since he developed it. Mendeleev’s original periodic table of elements is the model of the modern day periodic table of elements and thanks to his discovery we have a greater understanding of the universe. Henry Moseley Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley was an English physicist who was born in England on the 23rd of November 1887 and died on the 10th of August 1915 at Gallipoli. As a young boy Moseley studied at Summer Fields School where he was awarded a King’s scholarship to attend Eton College. In 1906, Moseley entered Trinity College of the University of Oxford, where he earned his bachelor’s degree. In 1910, Moseley began to study under Sir Ernest Rutherford. In 1913, he moved back to Oxford, where he was given laboratory facilities. While at Oxford, Moseley measured the x-ray spectral lines of nearly all the elements known at the time. The results of his study showed a clear and simple progression of the elements that was based on the number of protons in the atom’s nucleus, rather than the order based on atomic weights that was then the basis of the periodic table. Moseley contributed indirectly to the development of the periodic table. He discovered the atomic number of elements which revolutionised the way the elements were sorted. Now thanks to him the modern periodic table is sorted by atomic number. Timeline of The Periodic Table 440 BCE Democritus and Leucippus put forward the idea of the atom, an indivisible particle that all matter is made of. 30 BCE Aristotle proposes his theory about the four elements which are earth, air, fire water. He also proposes a fifth element aether, which the stars and planets were made of. 360 BCE Plato coins term the term ‘elements’. 1605 CE Sir Francis Bacon published â€Å"The Proficience and Advancement of Learning† which contained a description of what would later be known as the scientific method which is the acquirement of new knowledge or the correction of existing knowledge. 1661 CE Robert Boyle published â€Å"The Sceptical Chymist† which was a written work on the distinction between chemistry and alchemy. It also contained some of the first ideas of atoms, molecules, and chemical reactions. 1754 CE Joseph Black isolated carbon dioxide, which he called â€Å"fixed air†. 1778 CE Antoine Lavoisier wrote the first detailed list of elements. The list contained 33 elements differentiated between metals and non-metals. 1766 CE Henry Cavendish discovered hydrogen was a colourless, odourless gas that burns and can form an explosive mixture with air. 1773–1774 CE Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Joseph Priestly independently isolated oxygen. 1803 CE John Dalton proposed â€Å"Dalton’s Law† which described the bond between the components in a mixture of gases. 828 CE Jons Jacob Berzelius created a table of atomic weights and introduced letters to represent elements. 1828 CE Johann Doberiener developed groups of 3 elements with similar properties, which he called triads. 1864 CE John Newlands organised the known elements in order of atomic weights and observed resemblances be tween some elements. 1864 CE Julius Lothar Meyer develops an early version of the periodic table, with 28 elements classified by valence. 1864 CE Dmitri Mendeleev produced a table based upon atomic weights but organised ‘periodically’ with elements of congruent properties under each other. His Periodic Table included the 66 elements known at the time, classified by their atomic weights. 1894 CE William Ramsay discovered the Noble Gases. 1898 CE Marie and Pierre Curie isolated radium and polonium from pitchblende. 1900 CE Sir Ernest Rutherford discovered the cause of radioactivity was decaying atoms. 1913 CE Henry Moseley discovered the atomic number of each of the elements which changed the way the periodic table was organised. 1940 CE Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson discover neptunium, the lightest and first synthesized transuranium element, found in the products of uranium fission. 1940 CE Glenn Seaborg arranged the transuranic elements (the elements after uranium in the periodic table) below the periodic table making it easier to read. Reference List tutorvista. com. Daltons Atomic Theory. [ONLINE] Available at: http://chemistry. tutorvista. com/inorganic-chemistry/dalton-s-atomic-theory. html. [Accessed 23 March 13]. citycolligiate. com. Daltons Atomic Theory. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. citycollegiate. com/atomic_structureIXc. htm. [Accessed 23 March 13]. ausetute. com. Relative Atomic Mass. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. ausetute. com. au/atomicmass. html. [Accessed 23 March 13]. vogadro. com. Relative Atomic Mass, Ar. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. avogadro. co. uk/definitions/ar. htm. [Accessed 23 March 13]. en. wikipedia. org. Relative atomic mass. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Relative_atomic_mass. [Accessed 23 March 13]. en. wikipedia. org. Democritus. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Democritus. [Acc essed 23 March 13]. en. wikipedia. org. Aristotle. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Aristotle. [Accessed 23 March 13]. en. wikipedia. org. John Dalton. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/John_Dalton. Accessed 23 March 13]. en. wikipedia. org.. Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_D%C3%B6bereiner. [Accessed 23 March 13]. en. wikipedia. org. John Alexander Reina Newlands. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/John_Alexander_Reina_Newlands. [Accessed 23 March 13]. chemistry. co. nz. Dmitri Mendeleev. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. chemistry. co. nz/mendeleev. htm. [Accessed 23 March 13]. blurit. com (n. d. ) Who Was Dmitri Mendeleev? [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. blurtit. com/q181876. html. [Accessed 23 March 13]. www. corrosion-doctors. rg (n. d. ) Dmitri Mendeleev. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. corrosion-doctors. org/Biographies/MendeleevBio. htm. [Access ed 23 March 13]. en. wikipedia. org (n. d. ) Dmitri Mendeleev. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev. [Accessed 23 March 13]. en. wikipedia. org (n. d. ) Henry Moseley. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Henry_Moseley [Accessed 23 March 13]. History-timelines. org. uk (n. d. ) Periodic Table Timeline. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. history-timelines. org. uk/events-timelines/19-periodic-table-timeline. htm [Accessed 23 March 13].

Advancements in Peripherals1 essays

Advancements in Peripherals1 essays Recent Developments in Computer Peripherals Including an in-depth look at Multimedia Input Devices Development in Peripherals Three An in-depth look Digital Cameras Six The History of the Digital Camera Six A Peripheral device is any external device attached to a computer. Without Peripherals a computer is just a box full of wires, transistors and circuits, which is able to: - 1. Respond to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner. 2. Execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program). The only problem being that without any input Peripherals you cannot tell the computer to do any of the above processes, and if you could, without an output device of some kind, the computer has no way of delivering the result to the user! Examples of peripherals include printers, disk drives, display monitors, keyboards, and mice etc. These can be separated into two categories: - An input device is any machine that feeds data into a computer. For example, a keyboard is an input device. Input devices other than the keyboard are sometimes called alternate input devices. Mice, trackballs, and light pens are all alternate input devices. An output device is any machine capable of representing information from a computer. This includes display screens, printers, plotters, and synthesizers. Developments in Peripherals in the Last Few Years There have been many advances in the field of Peripherals over the last few years. Even the humble keyboard and mouse have been re-invented to produce the Ergonomic keyboard and the cordless and laser mouse. There have also been advances in monitors such as flat screen displays and LCD screens. But there have also been advances in technology, which although not new, have been made commercially available for home use such as the digital camera, scanners, digital video camera and the colour printer. To look at some of the advances in detail we should put them into the...

Definition of Quarks in Physics

Definition of Quarks in Physics A quark is one of the fundamental particles in physics. They join to form hadrons, such as protons and neutrons, which are components of the nuclei of atoms. The study of quarks and the interactions between them through the strong force is called particle physics. The antiparticle of a quark is the antiquark. Quarks and antiquarks are the only two fundamental particles that interact through all four fundamental forces of physics: gravitation, electromagnetism, and the strong and weak interactions. Quarks and Confinement A quark exhibits confinement, which means that the quarks are not observed independently but always in combination with other quarks. This makes determining the properties (mass, spin, and parity) impossible to measure directly; these traits must be inferred from the particles composed of them. These measurements indicate a non-integer spin (either 1/2 or -1/2), so quarks are fermions and follow the Pauli Exclusion Principle. In the strong interaction between quarks, they exchange gluons, which are massless vector gauge bosons that carry a pair of color and anticolor charges. When exchanging gluons, the color of the quarks change. This color force is weakest when the quarks are close together and becomes stronger as they move apart. Quarks are so strongly bound by the color force that if there is enough energy to separate them, a quark-antiquark pair is produced and binds with any free quark to produce a hadron. As a result, free quarks are never seen alone. Flavors of Quarks There are six flavors of quarks: up, down, strange, charm, bottom, and top. The flavor of the quark determines its properties. Quarks with a charge of (2/3)e are called up-type quarks, and those with a charge of -(1/3)e are called down-type. There are three generations of quarks, based on pairs of weak positive/negative, weak isospin. The first generation quarks  are up and down quarks, the second-generation quarks  are strange, and  charm quarks, the third generation quarks are top and  bottom quarks. All quarks have a baryon number (B 1/3) and a lepton number (L 0). The flavor determines certain other unique properties, described in individual descriptions. The up and down quarks make up protons and neutrons, seen in the nucleus of ordinary matter. They are the lightest and most stable. The heavier quarks are produced in high-energy collisions and rapidly decay into up and down quarks.  A proton is composed of two up quarks and a down quark. A neutron is composed of one up quark and two down quarks. First-Generation Quarks Up quark (symbol u) Weak Isospin: 1/2Isospin (Iz): 1/2Charge (proportion of e): 2/3Mass (in MeV/c2): 1.5 to 4.0   Down quark (symbol d) Weak Isospin: -1/2Isospin (Iz): -1/2Charge (proportion of e): -1/3Mass (in MeV/c2): 4 to 8   Second Generation Quarks Charm quark (symbol c) Weak Isospin: 1/2Charm (C): 1Charge (proportion of e): 2/3Mass (in MeV/c2): 1150 to 1350   Strange quark (symbol s) Weak Isospin: -1/2Strangeness (S): -1Charge (proportion of e): -1/3Mass (in MeV/c2): 80 to 130   Third Generation Quarks Top quark (symbol t) Weak Isospin: 1/2Topness (T): 1Charge (proportion of e): 2/3Mass (in MeV/c2): 170200 to 174800   Bottom quark (symbol b) Weak Isospin: -1/2Bottomness (B): 1Charge (proportion of e): -1/3Mass (in MeV/c2): 4100 to 4400

Marriott Hotels International Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marriott Hotels International - Essay Example According to Bill Marriott himself leadership is mainly based upon orientation towards results. He believes in motivating the people who work there by providing inspiration and letting them play and work together with a common set of objectives in mind. It is important to make them realize that their goal is same. (Marriott on the Move, August 2007; Anastassova and Purcell, 1995) Promoting diversity is an objective for the group. It is highly committed towards diversity. He has managed to take the company from a mere family business of $19 billion to a globally based organization. One of the basic leadership styles followed is the hands-on leadership. (Daugherty, Croft, Marquart, Balzar and Sheldon, n.d.) The leader or manager has to keep in touch with the employees and the clients to keep himself updated on the happenings. Under this leadership style the importance of the employees or ‘associates’ are realized and acknowledged. It is important to keep them happy and sat isfied with their work. A â€Å"spirit to serve† culture in promoted within the organization. Community involvement is another style of leadership, which Marriott International follows. (Daugherty, Croft, Marquart, Balzar and Sheldon, n.d.) In order to lead in an industry it is important for the company to nurture community involvement programs. Bill Marriott has involved himself in â€Å"fundraising gala for Bridges-from school to work† (Marriott on the Move, June 2007). The Marriott Foundation runs this program for People with Disabilities. He idea is to help them secure meaningful employment after they pass out from their academic institutions. (Marriott on the Move, June 2007) The National Urban League, Naval Academy Endowment Trust, National Geographic Society, World Travel & Tourism Council are some of the other organizations where the company has engaged itself with. Following to

Origins of American Criminal Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Origins of American Criminal Law - Research Paper Example With the development of criminal law in the 20th century, Jurisprudence in America distanced itself more from the common law concept that a crime was made up of two elements; a guilt mind and deed. The obligation of an act is one that is proof of a choice made, yet choice is what introduces the state of mind. In an attempt to make the criminal law more predictable and uniform, legal theorists and judges had to marginalize the principle of â€Å"intent.† This group sought to shape lines between civil law and criminal law by limiting, or doing away with some requirements. The Fifth Amendment of the U.S Constitution The Fifth Amendment originated from the whole Bill of Rights, US Constitution’s first ten amendments. Individuals who met in their States to approve the Constitution thought that the federal government might go beyond its powers. This amendment provides that no individual shall be held answerable for capital or renowned crime, except on an indictment or present ation of a grand jury, in exception of cases resulting from naval or land forces, or in the army, during actual service in public danger or time of war. No person shall be subjected to a similar offense to be placed in jeopardy of limb or life; nor be bound in a given criminal case to witness against himself, nor be deprived of property, life, or liberty, without due process of law. Private property shall not be taken to be used publicly with no just compensation (Scheb, 2011). It was important for the Fifth Amendment to be included to protect citizens from self-incrimination. It protects both the innocent and the guilty individuals who may find themselves in incriminating conditions. The right has vital implications especially for police interrogations, a mechanism that the police use to get evidence through confessions from suspects. Powers granted to the federal government versus those granted to state governments to make criminal laws Articles one to six of the American Constitu tion restrict some state powers and define Federal powers. Only the Federal government can declare war, govern some tribes, and raise a navy or armies, and coin money. The Tenth amendment gives powers to the state governments by stating that powers not given by the Constitution to the US, nor forbidden by it to the states, are set aside for the States or to citizens. States are entitled to pass laws that protect the economic, safety, and health of its citizens. The specification in these powers was to reduce the fear that central government would be too strong to bear, thus moving ratification along, states were given some powers to ignore or take actions if the Constitution of Federal laws went too far in making laws. Definition and comparison of the four main goals of the criminal justice system The criminal justice system is the system that enforces law, corrections, the judiciary, and trial that directly involves apprehension, defense, prosecution, supervision, and sentencing of suspects or people with criminal offense charges. The objective of the criminal justice system is to ensure justice for all, through punishing and convicting the guilty and to help them stop offenses, but at the same time protecting those who are innocent (Jones & Johnstone, 2011). The major goals are distinctive but work hand in hand. It aims at improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the system to bring offenses to justice. While doing this, the public should be confident enough in the fairness of these services. Victim satisfaction with the police should be increased, but at the same time, the CJS should increase witness and victim satisfaction. All the goals are collectively met through a consistent collection, evaluation, and good use of quality ethnicity information to spot and address race dispropotionality in the Justice system. Police power and its limitations Police power may be used to refer to the powers granted by the constitution to the States to govern, adopt, make, and enforce

Achievement of self-worth and value in life Essay Example for Free

Achievement of self-worth and value in life Essay In life, individuals need to search and discover themselves in order to achieve or attain self-worth and value in life, not necessarily these have to be discovered under intense or adverse conditional environment. Perhaps, such conditions may assist to unleash or invoke the true potential inherent in individuals being. The realization of such raises the eagerness to search the room for the toning of abilities. This has been my individual highlight and life experience, and cognizance should be taken of the fact that â€Å"a lesson learned should not be a lesson forgotten†. With this introduction of my unfavorable distinctive past experience, it has distinguished of how as a determined individual I should shape life. To it, principles and certain attitudes have to exist in shaping a goal. This has led to the realization that at some point one has to accept the fact that change and flexibility are the bases for adapting to greater heights. I am with confidence and mentally ready of enrolling in this course due to the aim of expanding the knowledge base in this field of study and receiving the superlative possible chance of success and particularly refining rational capability. With personal objectives of advancing studies to a Masters level, and purpose of obtaining a profound insight for a continuous contribution to both local government and private sector; allowing the application of the acquired analytical skills to contribute and support improvement in any encountered challenging environment. Participate in a growth-oriented environment that challenges individuals to desire for competency and develop with organizations that realize potential and ability that individuals possess. NMU as an internationally recognized academic institution, it would be of a primitive mind not to enroll in making my aspirations grow into more a reality. With the above-mentioned aspirations, it could be made possible through being developed and equipped with the necessary tools available in this course leading to a successful career. As my career objective is to pursue enlargement of knowledge and understanding of the world and exposure to a new perspective. A choice had to be made to either allow progress in my life. Individual’s choice or enthusiasm ought to come from within, that will dig aspiration for growth and development. This has been fuelled via the diverse environmental forces and needs to change my circumstance that I have been exposed to. I strive and aspire to be progressed to the next level. This course has convinced me and aligns with my objectives, with features of strengthening and equipping me with tools to a successful career. I desire to excel and remain characterized with good leadership qualities, capable of demonstrating excellent business knowledge and proficiency in business disciplines. Seeking the ability to be able to communicate ideas clearly and concisely in formal and informal settings. Professional skills that will empower me to contribute within a diverse set of relationships that facilitate success in contemporary organizations. Critical and logical thinking that integrates concepts across disciplines with creativity and integrity permitting me to successfully lead in a dynamic global environment. Develop the technical and analytical skills necessary to pursue a variety of careers in the industry.

Chris Tucker :: Biography Actor Essays

Chris Tucker The one and only â€Å"motor mouth,† Chris Tucker, is a great actor and cutting-edge comic who made it to stardom with his fast talking wise cracks. The sleek and slender 6’1† young African American was born in Atlanta, Georgia on August 31, 1972. Chris was the youngest of six children in his family; his parents were Norris and Mary Tucker. Norris Tucker owned his own family business, a carpet cleaning business. Chris used to work for his dad at the carpet cleaning shop so he could have some extra money to spend. The one thing that was very unusual about Chris was his loud and annoying voice. The one obstacle that set Chris apart from his brothers was his loud and annoying voice. He used that gift to get to where he is today. His parents retired from the carpet cleaning business due to their youngest son’s success in Hollywood. Chris Tucker’s personality and ability to make people laugh is what led him on his road to be a successful young African American actor. Being the youngest in the family was hard for Chris because he would always get pushed around and beat up by his brothers and friends. One day, he figured the only way to get his brothers and friends to stop beating him up was to make them laugh. Tucker said, â€Å"Out of necessity, I learned to make them laugh. If I did, they’d stop beating on me.† (Jam! Showbiz pg.9) By doing this, Chris felt he was on to something. So what Chris decided to do was to try the same jokes and tricks at school to get some attention and make classmates laugh, and it was a success. Tucker has found that his high-pitched voice and comedic style is one of his greatest assets. The only people that were not amused were the administrators and the teachers. His principle thought of him as a failure and the principle tried to end Tucker’s relationsh ip with his girlfriend. A great source of inspiration came one day for him when one of his teachers influenced Tucker to take his â€Å"wise-cracking antics to the stage and host the school’s talent shows.† (Tribut.ca pg1) In addition, his classmates impelled him to take his in class comedy routines on to the stage. After he heard everyone laughing a this jokes and when he blew away all of the competition at the school talent show, he decided then and there that is what he wanted to do for the rest of his life.

Socio Economic Profile of Househohold Consumers in Mizoram: India

The Socio economic Characteristics of Household Customers in Mizoram 2. 1 Introduction Consumer Behaviour, being the psychological dimension of marketing management, is based on various factors. Since all of us are consumers, what we buy, how we buy, where and when we buy, in how much quantity we buy depends on our perception, self concept, social and cultural background and our age and family cycle, our attitudes, beliefs, values, motivation, personality, social class and many other factors that are both internal and external to us (Mark ES and Armen T, 1985). This is very evident in India, the second most populous nation in the world and the number one contributor to the world’s population growth of potential customers (Population Reference Bureau, 2000). Traditionally, marketers have often relied on intuition and demographic information such as age, sex, income level and occupation for identifying potential areas (Dash PK and Sarangi M, 2008). According to Sproles and Kendall (1986, p. 67), identification of these characteristics among the consumers helps to profile (individual) consumer style, educate consumers about their specific decision-making characteristics, and counsel families on financial management. Again, many research studies show that consumer profiles are crucial as it deals with the mental orientation of consumers in making decisions (Wells, 1975; Lastovicka, 1982; Westbrook and Black, 1985; Sproles and Sproles, 1990; Stone, 1954; Darden and Moschis, 1976). The important effects of demographic, socioeconomic and regional factor have been demonstrated by various studies in consumers’ choice of foreign and domestic products, or rather ethnocentrism too (Sharma, 1995; Klien, 1998 and Elliot 2003). In the present chapter, it is intended to highlight who the Mizoram household consumers are on the basis of their demographic and socioeconomic profile. 2. 2 Profile of the household customers Taking household customers as sample units, the households are sampled from urban and rural areas. All the eight (8) functioning districts are taken into consideration for the study. For the research, all the district headquarters, namely, Aizawl, Champhai, Kolasib, Lawngtlai, Lunglei, Mamit, Saiha and Serchhip are taken as urban samples. The rural samples are taken from the following villages/towns – Saitual and Aibawk from Aizawl district, Khawbung and Khawzawl from Champhai district, Bilkhawthlir and Vairengte from Kolasib district, Chawngte and Diltlang from Lawngtlai district, Hnahthial and Zobawk from Lunglei district, Rawpuichhip and Kawrthah from Mamit district, Tuipang and Sangau from Saiha district and N. Vanlaiphai and Thenzawl from Serchhip District. 0 households are sampled from the district headquarters for the urban sample and 20 households from each of the villages/towns mentioned for the rural population sample, making it 40 rural households for every district. In all, 640 households i. e. 80 households from each districts, 40 from urban areas and 40 from rural areas are sampled to cover the whole State. The profiling of households is done , with suitable modifications and necessary adjustments in accordance to Splores and Kendall’s Consumer Styles Inventory model (Splores and Kendall, 1986). Following Leon GS and Leslie LK’s demographic segmentation, the sample is studied on the basis of the education level, main occupation, family size, composition of the households in terms of number of adults, children, male and female members, range of income, number of earning members in a household and lastly, the type of durable products owned by household customers. Analysis is done using F-Test and Pearson Correlation to find out the relationship between rural and urban population for each of the demographic variables. F-Test analysis tests to see whether two population variances equal each other. Essentially, the analysis compares the ratio of two variances. The assumption is that if the variance is equal, the ratio of the variances should be equal to 1. Variance may be defined as the square of standard deviation, standard deviation being the dispersion about the data set’s mean (Stephen L. Nelson, 2007). Standard deviation is calculated using the formula: ? = v? fd2x/N – [? fdx/N]2 and variance will be ? 2 (Mohan Singhal, 1999) Pearson Correlation is used to determine the relationship between the two set of data ‘x’ and ‘y’ viz. rban and rural population. The formula for finding out the correlation ‘r’ can be noted using the formula: rxy = N? fxy-? fx.? fy/v[N? fx2-(? fx)2][N? fy2-(? fy)2] The output will be between -1 to +1. Positive value signifies positive correlation i. e. both the data sets move in same direction while negative value signifies negative correlation i. e. the two data sets move in different direction (L okesh Koul, 2009). The purpose of using F Test is to determine the homogeneity of the two sets i. e. rural and urban household customers. Correlation Analysis is sed to find out the nature and degree of relationship between the rural and urban household customers for each of the socio economic variables. 2. 2. 1Education According to Harold H. Kassarjian (1971), education, like other personal qualities including sex, income, family cycle and so on, play an important role in influencing the buying behaviour. The respondents who represented their households were broadly classified into illiterates, literates, Below Class 10, Class 10, college drop-outs, graduates and post graduates on the basis of their education level and are represented in Exhibit 1. Exhibit 1: Educational profile of household respondents Table 1: Education level of rural and urban respondents Number of household customers Education LevelRuralUrban Illiterates5 (1. 56)4 (1. 25) Literates70 (21. 88)21 (6. 56) Below class 1071 (22. 19)41 (12. 81) Class 1080 (25. 00)61 (19. 06) College drop outs30 (9. 38)32 (10. 00) Graduates51 (15. 94)105 (32. 81) Post graduates13 (4. 06)56 (17. 50) Total320320 Note: Figures in parenthesis are percentages. Taking into account the responses of rural and urban respondents as shown in Table 1, the outcome F-test value tallied to 0. 840913. This shows a high degree of similarity in the variances of the two sets, indicating homogeneity in composition between the two sets of respondents. The Pearsonian Correlation gave an output of 0. 287853, a positive relationship between rural and urban. Even though there is a high degree of homogeneity between the two sets of samples, the relationship between the same set is not very strong when introducing Correlation Analysis. According to Census India 2001, Mizoram stood as one of the leaders in the field of literacy. With 88. 48% rate of literacy, Mizoram came in second next to Kerala. This rationale is reflected in the study as Table 1 indicated that only 1. 41% of the household respondents are illiterates. Even though there is not much difference between rural and urban respondents in respect of illiterates, the rural sample shows that majority of the rural households have passed class 10 i. e. 25% of the 320 rural households, while the majority of the urban households are graduates with 32. 81% of the 320 urban households. Although there is a rather significant gap in the level of education between rural and urban samples, it is interesting to note that rural households do have access to higher education. . 38% are college drop outs, 15. 94% are graduates and 4. 06% of the rural households hold post graduate degrees. That makes 29. 38% of the rural households have exposure to collegiate environment and thus, to urban lifestyle as all of the 22 colleges including Law Colleges are established in urban areas i. e. district headquarters (Statistical Handbook, 2008). 2. 2. 2 Occupation According to the Statistical Handbook (2008) published by the Government of Mizoram, agriculture and its allied sectors have a declining figures in terms of Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) for the past years from 2005-06 till 2007-08. Further decline is expected from the quick estimate made by the Department. One factor so stated in the Handbook being the mautam famine. This may also result in change of occupation from agriculture to other sectors to ensure livelihood. On the other hand, the State saw the incubation of private corporates in the form of insurance companies, banking companies and other private societies. Various private banking companies like Axis Bank, Syndicate, Central Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Punjab National Bank, IDBI, have started their branch offices in Mizoram bringing about employment opportunities for educated youths (see Table 7. , Statistical Handbook 2008). At the same time, private insurance companies mushroomed in Mizoram from the past five years. According to the Taxation Department , companies like Birla Sunlife, Tata-AIG, Bajaj-Alliance, Reliance etc. have started their ventures in Mizoram, again opening employment for the sons-of-the-soil. With the fast advent of mobile-tele com industry in Mizoram since mid-2003, companies like Airtel, Reliance, Aircel, Tata-Indicom, Vodafone began employing mizo youths as their operational staffs. Even then, the largest employing organization is the State Government. According to the 5th Economic Census 2005 , the State Government accounted for 85% of employment in the State with 40,603 posts under its umbrella. In fact, the up-gradation data as on 2006 showed 51,070 employees including muster-rolls and work-charges. Purchase involvement and consumer behaviour is greatly influenced by the occupation of the household consumers (Harold H. Kassarjian, 1971). Therefore, the study categorise the sample households as Agriculture, Carpentry and Skilled Workers, Daily Wage Earner, Government Employed, Private Company Employed and Business or Own Enterprise. Exhibit 2 shows the profile of occupations of the respondents. Exhibit 2: Occupation profile of household respondents Table 2: Occupation of rural and urban respondents Number of household customers OccupationRuralUrban Agriculture81 (25. 31)3 (0. 94) Carpentry and Skilled Workers31 (9. 69)9 (2. 81) Daily wage earner40 (12. 50)32 (10) Government Employed99 (30. 94)223 (69. 69) Private Company employed3 (0. 94)19 (5. 94) Business66 (20. 63)34 (10. 63) Total320320 Note: Figures in parenthesis are percentages Applying F-test, the relationship of rural and urban sample variances is calculated as 0. 79742, a low degree of homogeneity in terms of their variance ratio. Table 2 shows that rural households are more evenly distributed in terms of different occupations than their urban counterparts. But then, the correlation degree gave a rather high positive correlation of 0. 69526. This may be due to the fact that the highest frequencies of both rural and urban households are government emplo yed. Agriculture is still an important occupation for the rural households, claiming more than 1/4th of the whole rural households while agriculture is quite negligible for the urban population as an occupation. One indication that private companies are yet to penetrate the rural areas is the negligible employment by private companies in rural areas. Rural savings and insurance can yet still be tapped by private company players. Since 2005, National Rural Employment Guarantee Act/ Scheme began enhancing the purchasing power of the rural households. Moreover, this particular wage employment scheme encourages savings and personal insurance for the rural households . Rs. 39,500 crores will be pumped into the rural areas nation-wide in the year 2009-10 under this scheme. This can be an opportunity as the rural consumers constitute more than 75% of the Indian population and out of the 1. 61 lakhs household in Mizoram, rural areas account for almost half of the whole population of the State (The Marketing Whitebook, 2005). Own enterprise or business constitute a significant proportion of households in the rural sample, again an indication of good business opportunity for rural banking. The overall tabulation shows that 50% of the whole sample population are government employed, signifying a large business pool with secured incomes for marketers. . 2. 3 Family size As the primary consumer decision making unit, the family has been the subject of intense examination for a number of years (Lakshmi PV and Murugan MS, 2008). Family may be regarded as one of the strongest source of influence on consumer behaviour, its size being the significant determinant (Matin Khan, 2006). As the core unit of defining culture, family has a very prominent effect on attitude formation in various facets of marketing (Burke, 2002; Wood, 2002). It may be held true that the family size matters in household consumer behaviour. The larger the family, the larger its consumption needs and wants. Product preferences also depend a lot on the household size (Srivastava KK and Sujata K, 2008). Exhibit 3 gives the overview family size of the household respondents. Exhibit 3: Family size profile of the household respondents Table 3: Family size of the rural and urban respondents Number of household customers Number of family membersRuralUrban Upto 211 (3. 44)22 (6. 88) 3 – 5152 (47. 50)154 (48. 13) 6 – 8133 (41. 56)138 (43. 13) 9 and above24 (7. 50)6 (1. 88) Total320320 Note: Figures in parenthesis are percentages Exhibit 3 shows that about 47% of households are bigger families with 6 or more members and Table 3 indicated that the number of families with membership of 9 and above is four times more in rural areas than in urban areas. According to the 2001 Census, the average size of scheduled tribe households in the rural areas was 5. 2 members while in urban areas it was 4. 9 members. It should be noted that the two family sizes viz. 3 to 5 members and 6 to 8 members together accounted for 89. 06% of the rural respondents and 91. 26% of their urban counterparts. Taking the family sizes 3 to 5 and 6 to 8, the median size lies between 5 and 6 member-households. This indicates the similarity of the households studied with that of the Census 2001 figures . The F-Test shows a very high degree of 0. 932141, indicating high homogeneity between the rural and urban respondents. Further application of Correlation Analysis gave the value of 0. 987285, demonstrating a very high level of relationship between the rural and urban customer households. Hence, both the tests show that there is not much difference between the rural and urban households in respect to family size. India, for several decades, have been involved in defining family size, in fact, one of the earliest nation to be concerned with the issue . Decadal studies show that there has been a marginal decrease in family size from 5. 5 in 1980s to 5. 3 in 2001 even though there is a very significant increase in population during 1980 and 2001 from 493,757 to 888,573 . This is an indication of growing nuclearization of families in the Indian society as stated in Census India Report and an indication of mass education and media awareness of the general population demonstrated in the decrease of family size, an after-effect of family planning. . 2. 4 Age Product needs and interests vary with the age of the customers (Srivastava KK and Sujata K, 2008). Obviously then, different age groups present different marketing challenges and opportunities. Marketers thus have found age to be a particularly useful demographic variable for distinguishing segments (Elliot et al, 2003). Table 4 shows the number of adults in both rural and urban households. Table 4: Number of adults Number of household customers Number of adultsRuralUrbanTotal Upto 2102 (31. 88)104 (32. 50)206 (32. 19) 3 – 5146 (45. 63)171 (53. 44)317 (49. 53) 6 – 871 (22. 19)41 (12. 81)112 (17. 50) 9 and above1 0. 31)4 (1. 25)5 0. 78) Total320320640 Note: Figures in parenthesis are percentages The output value of F Test gave a significantly high 0. 768617 showing the similarity between the rural and urban household customers in respect of the adult population. A correlation degree of positive . 959861 also indicates that there is a very high positive relationship between the two samples. Almost 50% of the households have 3 to 5 adult members. About 22% of the households in rural Mizoram have the adult population of 6 to 8 members, whereas only 13% of the households in urban Mizoram have the same number of adult population. It is already demonstrated in Table 3 that the median household size of the samples is between 5 to 6 members. Therefore, it can be stated that the majority of households are adult-dominated. As for the children population, the rural and urban households are studied of its child members, categorizing them in 2 subsets, below 14 years of age and between 14 to 18 years of age. Table 5: Number of children below 14 years Number of household customers Number of children below 14 yearsRuralUrbanTotal Upto 2112 (35)94 (29. 38)206 (32. 19) 3 – 566 (20. 63)78 (24. 38)144 (22. ) 6 – 820 (6. 25)16 (5)36 (5. 63) 9 and above01 (0. 31)1 (0. 16) Total198189387 Note: Figures in parenthesis are percentages Of the 320 rural households, 198 households have family members below 14 years and out of 320 urban households, 189 households have family members between 14 to 18 years of age. Table 6: Number of children between 14 to 18 years Number of household consumers Number of children between 14 to 18 yearsRuralUrbanTotal Less than 255 (10. 94)76 (23. 75)131 (20. 47) 3 – 559 (18. 44)42 (13. 13)101 (15. 78) 6 – 88 (2. 5)12 (3. 75)20 (3. 13) More than 90 (0. 31)1 (0. 16) Total122131253 Note: Figures in parenthesis are percentages Out of the 320 rural households, 122 households have family members between 14 to 18 years of age. Out of the 320 urban households, 131 households have family members between 14 to 18 years of age. The distinction of the children population into the 2 subsets is to segment the consumption needs and wants (Srivastava KK and Sujata K, 2008) Analysis of the rural and urban respondents with children below 14 years gave F-test value of 0. 884167 and a correlation coefficient of . 970224. These results showed the close relationship between the two samples. Again, rural households and urban households with children between 14 to 18 years gave an F-test output of 0. 888851 and a correlation coefficient of . 886998, showing a positive relationship between the samples. This again shows that there is not much difference between the rural and urban household customers. A significant finding from the two subset tables is that most of the households in both rural and urban areas have the highest frequency in the least number of children in its family members i. . not more than 2 in the household, followed by 3 to 5 children in a household. While most of the households have 3 to 5 adults, most of the households have less than 2 members classified as children. This clearly demonstrated that most of the households are in the family stages known as Full Nest II and III . 2. 2. 5 Income Income is, perhaps the single factor which significantly define the consumer behaviour of house holds. In fact, much of the other demographic characteristics like education, family size, and culture depend largely on the income of the households. Even the economic environment depends on the household’s income and as Philip Kotler (2006) stated, â€Å"In the economic arena, marketers need to focus on income distribution†. Income is one of the important determinants which have a strong positive influence on the ownership of durables (Bijaya KP and Siba PP, 2008) and even preference pattern of consumable products largely depend upon the income distribution of the households (Prashanta KD and Minaketan S, 2008). Several studies show that income, as a demographic factor, has a significant effect on purchasing styles even on the internet (Marakas GM, Yi MY and Johnson RD, 2002; Ratchford et al, 2001; Wood, 2002). The income range of the household respondents is illustrated in Exhibit 4. Exhibit 4: Income profile of household respondents Table 7: Income range of the rural and urban respondents Number of household customers Income RangeRuralUrban 2000019 (5. 94)87 (27. 19) Total320320 Note: Figures in parenthesis are percentages Taking the values given in Table 7, F-Test Analysis for the rural and urban households gave an output 0. 5093 while the Correlation Analysis gave a low positive relation degree of 0. 06. This shows that the income range distribution between rural and urban are rather loosely related, compared to other socio-economic factors already studied. In the rural sample, households with monthly income of Rs. 10,001 to 15,000 has the largest percentage, while the urban sample showe d that households with more than 20,000 has the highest percentage. This may be due to the fact that the main occupation of the urban households is government jobs. Even though the largest percentage of the rural households is government employed, a very significant portion of the rural households are engaging in agriculture (see Table 2). Another factor may be the fact that higher paying government jobs are mostly within the urban areas. According to Lalit Kumar Jha (1997), the overall average household income of Mizoram State is Rs. 10,026 per month. This income range is reflected in the total household samples with 21. 09% as the highest percentage, showing the whole household sample is the sub-set of the State population. 2. 2. 6 Earning Members The phenomenon of ‘double income’ has been identified as a sociologically relevant variable which may affect lifestyles of households (Srivastava KK and Sujata K, 2008). Michman R (1980) identified the multiplicity of income sources of households as an important market sub-segmentation as the purchasing capacity and involvement is much more dynamic. Recently, new segment has been identified and targeted as DINK or Double Income No Kids. An interesting survey by the Associated Chamber of Commerce & Industry of India (2008) on â€Å"Changing Consumption Patterns of Delhi† shows that DINKs are high spenders . The survey states that households DINKS spend more of their resources on luxurious lifestyles while their counterparts, double income-with kids’ households spend most of their incomes on child education, healthcare, insurance and home making, making the study of income source pattern a crucial issue for marketers. The number of earning members per households is presented in Exhibit 5 Exhibit 5: Earning members profile of household respondents Table 8: Number of earning members in rural and urban households Number of household consumers No. of Earning Member(s)RuralUrban 1248 (77. 5)141 (44. 06) 263 (19. 69)137 (42. 81) 39 2. 81)42 (13. 13) Total320320 Note: Figures in parenthesis are percentages Table 9 depicts a rather unrelated distribution of number of households for rural and urban areas. Even though F-test Analysis gave a rather low homogeneity between rural and urban households with a degree of 0. 33318, Correlation Analysis gave a significant positive relationship of 0. 700723. This shows that even though there is a rather large disparity between the means of rural and urban households, their relationship cannot be ignored. The study shows that most of the rural households have only one earning member in its households, claiming 77. 0% of the whole sample while the urban households have a very prominent proportion of two earning member households claiming 42. 81% of the urban sample, a close second to households with only one earning member. The number of earning members of rural and urban households can be co-related with the income ranges of rural and urban households. Table 7 showed that the average income range of urban households is relatively higher than rural households and Table 8 indicated that households with two earning members are quite higher in urban samples. . 2. 7 Durable products owned ORG-Gfk Year-End Reviews (2004) states that the Indian consumer durable industry is estimated at around Rs. 200 billion and growing. The healthy gr owth of durables market can be an offset of various factors like fragmentation of households into double-income nuclear families to the presence of easier finance options; expansion of dealer networks and after-sales services (Marketer Whitebook, 2005). In fact, durable products account for 6. 6% of yearly purchases of Indian households (Arvind Singhal, 2001). According to the information given in The Marketer Whitebook (2005) 42% of all households owned radios, 20. 4% owned television, 14. 1% owned telephone, 3. 1% owned bicycle, 6. 2% owned motorized 2-wheelers, 3. 4% owned cars and 50. 9% owned unspecified durables in Mizoram. The profile of durable products owned by the households determine various dimensions of consumer behaviour, namely, purchase preference, product penetration, support purchase for already owned durables, marketing opportunities and so on. Exhibit 6 gives an overview to the ownership of durable products by the household respondents. Exhibit 6: Durable products profile of the household respondents Number of households Table 10: Durable products owned by rural and respondents Number of household customers RuralUrban Radio205 (64. 06)182 (56. 87) LPG209 (65. 31)315 (98. 43) Music system107 (33. 43)179 (55. 93) Television218 (68. 13)308 (96. 25) Fridge189 (59. 06)306 (95. 63) Oven15 (4. 68)65 (20. 31) Washing machine125 (39. 06)210 (65. 62) Telephone135 (42. 18)289 (90. 31) Mobile233 (72. 81)300 (93. 75) Computer48 (15)187 (58. 43) Scooter42 (13. 12)18 (5. 62) Bike31 (9. 68)112 (35) Car19 (5. 93)119 (37. 18) Note: Figures in parenthesis are percentages From Table 9, the most owned durables by rural and urban household respondents can be ranked and represented in Table 10. Table 10: Ranking of most owned durable products Ranks 12345 RuralMobileTelevisionLPGRadioFridge UrbanLPGTelevisionFridgeMobileTelephone OverallLPGMobileTelevisionFridgeTelephone Durable products are independent to factors like access to electricity, availability of LPG suppliers and petrol pumps. According to the Statistical Handbook (2008), there are 24 LPG authorised dealers, each district having at least one dealer. There are 18 petrol pumps all over the State and every district except Mamit district has at least one recognised petrol pump. As for electrification, 570 villages have already been electrified, accounting for around 70% of the State accessing to electricity, 44. 1% of the rural households and 94. 4% of the urban households reported as electrified. According to the Taxation Department Report, mobile phone came in use only from 2003 that too started only with BSNL giving out 500 subscriptions. Till October 2008, there is a total of 2,85,287 subscribers with BSNL, Airtel, Reliance and Aircel. This information does not take into consideration the entry of Tata-Indicom and Vodaphone service providers. Out of the 320 respondents from rural households, 233 households (i. e. 72. 81%) own mobile phones. Various factors can come into play here, the competitive and aggressive participation of mobile service providers in the rapid and widespread penetration of both rural and urban areas being one of the major factors, competing and overtaking at some places in the once monopoly of the state-owned BSNL. About 29 recognised cable TV operators operating in urban and semi-urban areas gave monthly subscription to consumers since 1991 . Apart from these operators, private dish antennas are made available by Zee Group (Dish Tv) at affordable prices below Rs. 2,000 . This may be one of the main reasons that television is very popular in both the rural and urban areas, claiming 68. 13% of rural households and 96. 25% of urban households owned television set. It is interesting to see that even some unelectrified villages have solar powered television with dish antennas besides the thatched huts . LPG is considered household necessity for the urban households with 98. 43% of urban samples having access to LPG. Yet, it came as the third most owned durable product in the rural areas. A prominent factor may be the easy accessibility to the LPG dealers. Aizawl has 11 LPG agents within its district, Lunglei with 4 agencies, Kolasib with 3 agencies, Champhai with 2 agencies and Lawngtlai, Mamit, Serchhip and Saiha with 1 agency each. Other factors may be the price of LPG cylinders and uncertainty of supply even at the agencies. Even though radio continues to be the most extensive network covering the entire State , its popularity is confined mostly to the rural areas, accounting for 64. 06% of rural households and 56. 7% of urban households of the sample. Advance of other electronic media, like cable television network and Doordarshan, maybe one of the main reasons. Fridge ownership accounted for 59. 06% of rural households and 95. 63% of urban households. As large number of rural households are agrarian based, they can be assumed to have easy access to fresh vegetables as compared to the urban households. The main utility of fridge being storing of food, thus is more popular in the urban areas. As for telephone, 90. 31% of the urban households have telephone connection while 42. 18% of rural households accounted for telephone connection.

Passive and Active Students

People go to school to get an education. What individuals make of school is what they are going to take with them when they are on there own and for the rest of their life. There are two different types of students, passive and active. Attitude, the amount of energy you put into your classes, and the quality of work determines the type of student you are going to be. Attitude is the first element that determines the quality of a student. A passive student is almost always negative. Normally his or her attitude is that they have something better to do then study; they just do not care about how well they do in the class. Often passive students tend to think that when they receive a poor grade, it is because the teacher does not like them. On the other hand an active student has a very positive attitude. He or She is a â€Å"go getter? often optimist always looking for the best in every situation. They try to learn as much as possible about what they are studying. The second component that helps determine the type of student is the amount of energy he or she puts into their work for their classes. A passive student is lazy. Since he or she†s attitude is poor, they tend to put only enough energy in to just get by. An active student does just the opposite they always study. They have their priorities straight. They make the time to study instead of going out and having fun. Such as not going out with their friends when they know that a quiz or test is coming up. They are usually willing to help others. Finally, the quality of work also determines the type of student. A passive student often turns in poor and unfinished work. He or She does not take time to fully understand the directions, so in turn the assignment will not meet the instructor†s standards. An active student tries His or Her best to turn in complete work on time. They strive for top-quality work, which they are proud of. By striving for good work that is what gets them a good grade. The type of student you are can be a major decision for the rest of your life. If you at a young age develop good study habits and really care about your work then you will benefit from it for the rest of your life. Not only when you are in highschool is this important, but if you continue into higher education. I am sure that it is everyone†s goal to be an active student. But it is all up to the student, hopefully He or She will realize how important it is. Knowing and learning the components that it takes to be either a passive or active student. Passive and Active Students People go to school to get an education. What individuals make of school is what they are going to take with them when they are on there own and for the rest of their life. There are two different types of students, passive and active. Attitude, the amount of energy you put into your classes, and the quality of work determines the type of student you are going to be. Attitude is the first element that determines the quality of a student. A passive student is almost always negative. Normally his or her attitude is that they have something better to do then study; they just do not care about how well they do in the class. Often passive students tend to think that when they receive a poor grade, it is because the teacher does not like them. On the other hand an active student has a very positive attitude. He or She is a â€Å"go getter? often optimist always looking for the best in every situation. They try to learn as much as possible about what they are studying. The second component that helps determine the type of student is the amount of energy he or she puts into their work for their classes. A passive student is lazy. Since he or she†s attitude is poor, they tend to put only enough energy in to just get by. An active student does just the opposite they always study. They have their priorities straight. They make the time to study instead of going out and having fun. Such as not going out with their friends when they know that a quiz or test is coming up. They are usually willing to help others. Finally, the quality of work also determines the type of student. A passive student often turns in poor and unfinished work. He or She does not take time to fully understand the directions, so in turn the assignment will not meet the instructor†s standards. An active student tries His or Her best to turn in complete work on time. They strive for top-quality work, which they are proud of. By striving for good work that is what gets them a good grade. The type of student you are can be a major decision for the rest of your life. If you at a young age develop good study habits and really care about your work then you will benefit from it for the rest of your life. Not only when you are in highschool is this important, but if you continue into higher education. I am sure that it is everyone†s goal to be an active student. But it is all up to the student, hopefully He or She will realize how important it is. Knowing and learning the components that it takes to be either a passive or active student.

Mr Bowditch essays

Mr Bowditch essays Sphere is about a futuristic sphere that gives a group of scientists a special and unusual power- the power of being able to turn fantasy into reality. The group of scientists are kept in total wonder as to why they were being sent to the middle of the Pacific Ocean. The scientists consisted of Norman Johnson, a psychologist; Beth Halpern, a zoologist and biochemist; Harry Adams, a mathematician; and Ted Fielding, an astrophysicist. Each scientist played an important role- Norman was to watch the team because no one had ever seen an alien and they didn't know how people would react. Beth was to assess any life form that the team might come across. Harry was there because math is the universal language and Ted was there to determine where in the universe the aliens came from. The story begins as Norman is being transported in a Sea Knight. After Norman arrives at the site, he is directly escorted to his quarters until Captain Barnes came and retrieved him. On their way to the submersible, he explained to everyone in the group what was going on. He told them that there was a titanium fin found 1,000 feet under the ocean and that it is over 1/2 mi. long. He also informed them that the spacecraft had been in that location for almost 300 years (they could date the time because of the coral growth- coral grows at 1 in. a year). When they all arrived at the underwater habitat, they were sent to a compression chamber to bring them to the right pressure. The reason for the habitat is that it has the weight of air plus the weight of water pushing down on it. If the habitat had the same pressure as the surface, it would implode. After compression, the team was sent to their quarters for some rest before they set out to the spacecraft. When the crew was all rested and refreshed, they suited up into insulated suits and jumped into the water. They then proceeded to the airlock. After passing through the airlock and into...

English words Dont (usually) End with u

English words Dont (usually) End with u English words Dont (usually) End with u English words Dont (usually) End with u By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, Is it proper to use thru as a replacement for through in professional writing? My knee-jerk reaction is, Good Heavens! Never! The spelling thru has an entry in the tolerant Merriam-Webster that jumps to through.The OED has no entry for thru, although the spelling is listed along with many other historical variations in the through entry. As a modern alternate spelling of through, thru has resisted the efforts of various reform organizations, newspapers, and people in high places to get it accepted by the general reading and writing public. When the American Philological Association issued a list of words needing reform in 1876, through was on it. Through was on the lists issued by the National Education Association in 1898, and the Simplified Spelling Board in 1906. Noah Webster, Teddy Roosevelt, and Mark Twain all used their bully pulpits to promote the spelling thru. The Chicago Tribune started using thru in 1934, but finally gave up in 1975 and went back to through. Thats not to say that thru wont creep into acceptance in another 50-100 years Certainly texters spell it that way to save time, as many sign painters do to save space. In other contexts, however, for awhile yet, the spelling thru screams non-standard. Why does this particular spelling reform resist acceptance when weve happily accepted such changes as theater for theatre, catalog for catalogue, and color for colour? I think there are two reasons. One, the word through is introduced to readers at such an early level of literacy that the mind and eye become habituated to it. Because it is among the 200 most commonly used words in English, the beginning reader gets plenty of practice in recognizing it. Two, thru doesnt look like an English word. This is one of Romalda Spaldings rules for silent final e in The Writing Road to Reading: English words dont end in u. The example she gives is blue. The e is not needed to change the sound of the preceding vowel. Theoretically, we could write blu, but the word looks unfinished, like thru. NOTE: Like every rule, Spaldings has its exceptions. We use several wordsmost of them borrowed from the Frenchthat end in -u: adieu, bureau, impromptu, etc., but they dont bother us because theyve remained sufficiently undigested as to strike us as having a foreign spelling. Native English words and fully-digested foreign borrowings look very strange when spelled with a u not followed by e. Consider: We are strolling down the avenu. She will argu about everything. The detective discovered a clu. I will continu until Ive finished. Give the actor his cu. Give the devil his du. Bottom line: The spelling thru just looks wrong. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Handy Expressions About HandsBody Parts as Tools of MeasurementHow to Treat Names of Groups and Organizations

Integrated Interiors Ltd Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Integrated Interiors Ltd - Research Paper Example The key issues that Mary faces as the Managing Director of Integrated Interiors Ltd such as: regarding dissatisfaction of customers, lack of Information, outdated computer based SFA system and irregular and occasional training sessions, have been identified and analysed in the report. Appropriate suggestions, for addressing the issues, have also been endorsed in the report apart from an explanation of the outcomes expected as well as offering a specific plan of action. Part 1: Expected Profile of the Candidate for GSM Experience: The prospective candidate for General Sales Manager (GSM) must have a minimum of three years experience in sales and marketing in a similar organisation. Besides, the candidate should possess experience in making appropriate sales plans and implementing them. He or she must also be conversant with reporting on marketing and sales activities besides organising and coordinating the day to day sales activities. The incumbent also needs to have an understanding of various policies that a company may incorporate in its activities for promoting sales and ensuring customer satisfaction. He or she also needs to be well versed with customer relationship management, public relations and other sales related liaison work. The GSM will have to shoulder â€Å"a range of diverse tasks, including managing a sales pipeline, coaching their team, forecasting, hiring new sales representatives, strategic planning, and sales administration† (Sales Coaching for Improvement Performance: Turning Sales Managers into Great Coaches 2010). Besides, it is also desirable that the candidate possesses some background experience in contract management as this will help him independently negotiate and manage the contract and the company. Qualifications: The candidate is expected to possess some knowledge in Interior Designing, engineering, materials, dimensions, color, etc. The position demands a combination of engineering as well as management education and skil ls. Thus, the ideal candidate will be a B. Tech in Architecture or Interior Designing with an MBA degree in marketing and sales. Additional technical qualifications such as Auto Cad 3D Studio and other designing tools will be desirable qualifications, but not mandatory. Skills Sets: The candidate is expected to possess appropriate skill sets both in engineering as well as management fields. The GSM should have necessary skills to build up a sales strategy and business plan for the market that guarantees accomplishment of company sales objectives and profitability. The candidate should possess excellent consumer service skills and leadership skills. Besides, he or she needs to be a motivated and expert team player, delivering business standards. The incumbent should also possess excellent oral and written communication as well as presentation skills apart from the contract negotiation skills. It will also be desirable if the incumbent has attended a short term course that â€Å"inco rporates live negotiations and case analyses as an effective way to apply the most recent psychological and economic research on how to sharpen skills in decision making and negotiation† (Negotiation and Decision Making Strategies 2012). Generates Sales and Profits: The incumbent must have relevant skills to generate sales and profits through